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As by no means an exhaustive list but rather to simply give you some starting points for further search, Tables 3.7 and 3.8 list some further standards and specifications that are influencing the deployment and evolution of smart cards.

Table 3.7. Examples of smart card standards.
Standard Subject Area

International Standards Organization

ISO 639 Languages, countries, and authorities
ISO 646 7-bit coded character set
ISO 3166 Names of countries
ISO 4217 Currencies and funds
ISO/IEC 7501 Travel documents
ISO/IEC 7810,7811, 7812 Magnetic stripe cards
ISO/IEC 7813 Financial transactions
ISO 8601 Dates and times
ISO 8859 8-bit coded character set
ISO 9564 PIN management
ISO 9797 Data cryptographic techniques
ISO 9992 Messages between card and terminal
ISO 10202 Financial transaction cards
ISO 10536 Contactless integrated circuit cards
ISO 11568 Cryptographic key management
ISO 11694 Optical memory cards

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

ETSI TE9 Card terminals
GSM 11.4 Subscriber identification module (SIM) cards for GSM cellular telephones

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

TC 224 Machine-readable cards
EN 726 Requirements for IC cards and terminals for telecommunications use

Commission of the European Union (CEU)

ITSEC Information technology security evaluation criteria

European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA)

ECMA-219 Key distribution

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

X.400 Secure email
X.509 Authentication framework

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

ANSI X9.15-1990 (R1996) Specification for financial message exchange between card acceptor and acquirer
ANSI X9.8-1995 Banking—personal identification number management and security, Part 1: PIN protection principles and techniques; and Part 2: approved algorithms for PIN encipherment
ANSI X3.15-1975 (R1996) Bit sequencing of the American National Standard Code for Information Interchange in serial-by-bit data transmission
ANSI X3.118 (1984) PIN pad specification

U.S. National Institute for Standards and Testing (NIST)

FIPS 140-1 Cryptographic tokens

Table 3.8. Examples of smart card specifications.
Specification Sponsor(s) URL

Integration of Smart Cards into the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) Open Group www.opengroup.org
RFC 86.0—Unified Login with PAM Open Group www.opengroup.org
RFC 57.0 Smart Card Introduction Open Group www.opengroup.org
ISI-3 (IBM Smartcard Identification) IBM and the University of Twente www.iscit.surfnet.nl
International Chip Electronic Commercial Standard Visa www.visa.com
Integrated Circuit Card (ICC) Specification Visa www.visa.com
Java Card 2.0 Sun Microsystems www.javasoft.com
IATA 791—Airline Ticketing International Airline Travel Association www.iata.org
PKCS #11 Cryptographic Token Interface Standard RSADSI www.rsa.com
Electronic ID Application Secured Electronic Information in Society (SEIS) www.seis.se
ICC Specification for Payment Systems (EMV’96) Europay, MasterCard, Visa www.mastercard.com
Standards 30 and 40—Card Terminals Association for Payment Clearing Services (APACS)
OpenCard Framework IBM, Netscape, NCI, and Sun Microsystems www.opencard.com
PC/SC Workgroup Bull, HP, Microsoft, Schlumberger, and Siemens Nixdorf www.smartcardsys.com

Summary

This chapter describes the international standards basis for the characteristics and form factors of identity cards, including a variety of mechanisms for encoding information used in transactions that the cards must support. This chapter also considers the addition of integrated circuit chips to such cards, the mechanisms involved in establishing a communication channel between a reader of such cards, and the cards themselves. Chapter 4, “Smart Card Commands,” details the two most prevalent protocols used between readers and cards (the T=0 protocol and the T=1 protocol).


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