Table of Contents


Index

Symbols

006.1 cards, 13
3F0016 file name, 85
3K Multiflex smart cards, see Multiflex, cards

A

A3 algorithm, 12, 319
A8 algorithm, 12, 319
ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene stryrene), 319
AC (access condition), 319
access conditions, 88-89
Access Conditions window (EZ Formatter), 121
ACKbyte, 64
ACLs (Access Control Lists), 218-219
Adaptive Security Framework, 125
addresses
number of lines, 25
see also email addresses
Advanced Card Systems ACR20 reader functions, 132
Advanced Controls module, executing commands, 122
Advanced Controls window (EZ Formatter), 123
AID (application identifier), 319
Aladdin ASESoft Microprocessor APIs functions, 130
algorithms, 12, 319
A3, 12, 319
A8, 12, 319
COMP128, 321
DES (data encryption standard), 12, 322
DSA (digital signature algorithm), 323
Elliptic curve, 12
encryption bulk, 221
IDEA, 325
MD5, 215
PKA (public key algorithm), 329
RSA, 12, 330
SHA-1, 215
SKA (secret key algorithm), 330
symmetric, 331
TESA-7, 332
TSA7, 12
Alpha tests, 177
ANSI (American National Standards Institute), 34, 55, 319
ISO/IEC
7811-2, 34, 38, 40
7811-3, 34
7811-4, 34
7811-5, 34
7812, 40
7812-1-1993, 34
7813-1995, 35
X3.118 (1984), 55
X3.15-1975 (R1996), 55
X9.15-1990 (R1996), 55
X9.8-1995, 55
answer to reset, see ATR
anticollision, 319
APDUs (application protocol data units), 58-59, 179-180, 319
ISO 7816-4 commands, 68-71, 271-272
APIs (application programming interfaces), 58, 125-128
Aladdin ASESoft Microprocessor functions, 130
C-SET (Chip-Secured Electronic Transaction), 162-163
DCE PSM (Personal Security Module), 165-166
domain specific, 147
EMV’96 specification, 157-159
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute), 181
GSM 11.14, 181-182
IATA (International Air Transport Association), 164
ICC Specification Payment Systems, 157-158
ISO 7816-4, 181
Java Cards, 184-185
MULTOS, 183
licenced application developer, 184
obtaining a copy, 156
Open Card Framework, 157
PC/SC architecture, 148-149
reader-side
C-SET, URL and Email, 147
Cryptographic API URL, 147
DCE Personal Security Module URL, 147
EMV’96 URL, 147
IATA (International Air Transport Association) URL, 148
MULTOS URL, 147
Open Card Framework URL, 147
PC/SC, SSPs (Smart Card Service Providers), 147, 150-152
PKCS#11 URL, 147
Schlumberger Cryptoflex URL, 147
SET Version 2.0 URL, 147
Visa ICC Specification URL, 147
Visa Open Technology Platform URL, 147
SCOS (Schlumberger Customer Oriented System), 182-183
SET 2.0, 162
SIM (Subscriber Interface Module) cards
functions, 182
services, 181
software, 180-184
Visa ICC (Integrated Circuit Card), 161-162
see also Java, class libraries
APP Auth function, 150
Append Record command (ISO 7816-4), 77, 279-280
Application Block command, 160
Application Framework class functions, 197
application programming interfaces, see APIs
application protocol data units, see APDUs
Application Services class functions, 196
Application Unblock command, 160
applications
application-level protocols, 67-71
assembly languages, 10
building, 127
development time, 11
domains, 158
flags, 252
Harvest Festival, 240
Java, 9
keys, authentication, 211-212
MULTOS licensed developer, 184
networks, adding smart cards, 124-125
programming interfaces, 169-180
Scrivener’s Corner, 240-242
security, 208
Smart Commerce Solutions, 238-247
software, 6, 30, 32
chip emulators, 31-32
chip simulators, 31
code development, 31
development time, 11
interface devices, 32
mask development, 30
see also software
architecture, 19
C-SET (Chip-Secured Electronic Transaction), 163
EMV (Europay, MasterCard, and Visa) smart cards, 158
PC/SC, 148-152
security, 209, 235-237
Smart Shopper cards, 235-237
Arimura, Dr. Kunitaka, 319
ASC (application-specific command), 319
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), 320
Aspects SmarTest system Web site, 177
assemblers (manufacturers), 136-137
Assembly languages, 10, 170
asymmetric key encryption, 212-214
Asynchronous protocol, 320
ATMs (automatic teller machines), 149
ATR (answer to reset), 48, 57, 320
characters, 50
Multiflex cards, 84
AttachByHandle function, 150
AttachByIFD function, 150
attacks
blinding, 320
induced errors, 325
voltage, 332
Attributes window (EZ Formatter), 119
Authenticate key, 93
authenticating data, static and dynamic, 160-161
authentication, 201-202, 320
access conditions, 89
external, 95, 106-109, 111
files, 93
external, updating, 98-100
internal format, 96-98
internal, 106-109, 111
keys
asymmetric, 213-214
cryptographic, 94
private, 213-214
public, 213-214
PIN codes, 94
procedures, 111
public keys, 216
shared secrets, 211-212
states, 108-110
symmetric keys, 209-212
authorization, 202-203, 218-220
ACLs (Access Control Lists), 219
authorities
certificates, 217-218
certifying, 216-218
capabilities list, 219-220
automatic teller machines, see ATMs

B

batch cards, 91, 320
beta tests, 177
binding, 320
biometrics, 320
bits, 49
black book, 320
blocks
defined, 65
T=1 protocol, 66-67
Borland Delphi code control screen, 127
Bright, Roy, 320
browsers
FlexCash cards, 255-262
Smart Shopper cards, 240
Build Command button, 122
Builder interface window (EZ Formatter), 120-121
business model (identification cards), 39-41
buttons
Build command, 122
Enter PIN, 244
Get Personal Profile, 244-245
Process, 122
Security Manager, 119
Verify, 127
View Attributes, 119
bytes, 60
ACK, 64
DAD, 67
NAD, 67
NULL, 64-65
reading, 92
SAD, 67
string, 320
SW1, 65

C

C header files, 152-156
C++ Java, 250
C-SET (Chip-Secured Electronic Transaction), 162-163, 322
architecture, 163
URL and Email, 147
CAD (card accepting device), 320
calculations, see computations
Capabilities list, 219-220
CAPI (Cryptographic application programming interface), 164
Card Block command, 160
Card Europe, 320
Card manager, overriding, 183
card software, 5-9, 171
APIs (application programming interfaces), 180-184
debugging, 176-177
file design, 178-179
integration, 177
linking, 177-178
loading, 177-178
memory, 172-174
readers, 179-180
scripting, 177
testing, 176-177
CARDAUTH interface functions, 150
Cardholder Verification Numbers, see CHVs
cardholders, 320
files, 232
frequent buyer points, 241
personal data, controlling, 236-237
PINs (personal identification numbers), 205-206
security, 205-206
Web sites, handling purchases, 238-239
CARDIS, 321
cards
batch, 91
chips, tamper resistant, 209
contact, 322
counterfeit, 170-171
credit, global market, 34
daughter, 322
financial transactions specifications, 41
higher value, transport key protocols, 90
hybrid, 325
I006.1, 13
identification
business model, 39-41
encoding information, 37, 39
IFD (interface device), 42
intelligent memory, 325
issuers, 206
logic, 5
magnetic stripe, 40
memory, 5, 327
MFC (multifunction card), 327
mother, 328
mother cards, 91
MPCOS64K, 13
Multiflex, 13
OC100, 13
optical, 328
personalization, 94
phone, 329
processor, 329
return, 40
rogue, 105
security, 205, 208-209
smart, see smart cards
SVC (stored value card), 331
USCO48, 13
Visa Cash card, 332
wired logic, 333
see also FlexCash cards; ICC (integrated circuit card); ID-1 cards; Java, cards; Smart Shopper cards
CardTech/Securetech, 321
Carte Bancaire, 321
Cartes, 321
CAs (certificate authorities), 217
Castrucci, Paul, 321
CCPS (Chip Card Payment Service), 161, 171
Cellular telephones (GSM 11.14), 181
CEN (Comite Europeen de Normalisation), 321
central processing units, see CPUs
cert, 321
certificates, 217-218
digital, 160-161, 322
identities, 217-218
standards, 218
CEU (Commission of the European Union), 54
chain of trust, 216-217
ChaneDir function, 151
Change PIN command (Multiflex), 104, 292
ChangeCode function, 151
characters
embossing, 37-38
encoding, 38
CheckAccess function, 196
checksum, 214-215, 321
Cherry G80-1500 keyboard functions, 133-135
Chip Card Payment Service, see CCPS
Chip-Secured Electronic Transaction, see C-SET
chips
disabling, 46
firmware, 31
hardware emulators, 32
integrated circuit, 23
fabricating, 27
inserting, 29
packaging, 28
manufacturerers, 136
masks, 30
hard mask, 31
soft mask, 31
software simulators, 31
tamper-resistant, 209
CHVERIFICATION functions, 151
CHVs (cardholder verification numbers), 95, 195, 211, 321
CLA instruction sets, 62, 321
classes
Application Framework functions, 197
Application Services functions, 196
Cryptography functions, 197
JavaSoft Java Card 2.0 API, 196-197
clock rate, 321
Close function, 151
code
developing, 31
E-Bucks
card-side, 265-266
reader-side, 267
frequent buyer points totals, 246-247
hash, 215-216
KLOC, 327
libraries, 184-185
one-way hash, 214
operating systems, 135
PIN, 94
smart cards, adding, 174
soft masks, 174
commands, 165
Append Record, 77
Application Block, 160
Application Unblock, 160
Card Block, 160
Change PIN, 104
Create File, 87, 98, 103-104
Create Record, 104
Decrease, 102-104, 252
Delete File, 104
Directory, 86, 89
e-cash, 265
EMV’96, 159-160
Envelope, 80
Erase Binary, 76
Execute Application, 255-256
External Authentication, 79, 98, 104, 160
EZ Formatter, 122
Generate Application Cryptogram, 160
Get Challenge, 79-80, 104-105
Get Data, 78, 160
Get Processing Options, 160
Get Response, 80-81, 86-88, 90-92, 99, 103, 105
Get Values, 252
IATA (International Air Transport Association), 164
Increase, 102-103, 105
Internal Authenticate, 79, 105, 160-161
Invalidate, 87, 105
ISO 7816-4, 181
APDU structures, 271-272
Append Record, 279-280
Erase Binary, 276-277
file system, 272
Get Data, 281-282
Put Data, 282-283
Read Binary, 273-274
Read Record, 277-278
security status, 272
Select File, 283-284
Update Binary, 275-276
Update Record, 280-281
Write Binary, 274-275
Write Record, 278-279
ISO/IEC 7816-4
Envelope, 289-290
External Authenticate, 286-287
Get Challenge, 287
Get Response, 288-289
Internal Authenticate, 285-286
Manage Channel, 287-288
Verify, 284-285
Java Card 1.0 bootstrap loader, 255-256
Manage Channel, 75, 80
Multiflex cards, 104-106, 183
Change PIN, 292
Create File, 293-294
Create Record, 294-295
Decrease, 295-297
Delete File, 297-298
External Authentication, 298-299
Get Challenge, 299-300
Get Response, 300-301
Increase, 301-302
Internal Authentication, 302-303
Invalidate, 304-305
Read Binary, 305-306
Read Record, 306-307
Rehabilitate, 307-309
Seek, 309-310
Select File, 310-311
Unblock PIN, 311-312
Update Binary, 312-314
Update Record, 314-315
Verify Key, 316-317
Verify PIN, 315-316
PIN change/Unblock, 160
Put Data, 78
Read Binary, 75, 92, 105
Read Record, 76-77, 102, 105, 160
Rehabilitate, 87, 105
Schlumberger Cryptoflex cards, 165
Seek, 105
Select, 105, 160
Select File, 74-75, 85, 91
Set Application Flag, 252
Set Default ATR, 255-256
T=0 protocol, 60
CLAinstruction sets, 62-63
header fields, 61-62
header parameters, 64-65
T=1 protocol, 65
blocks, 66-67
Unblock PIN, 105
Update Binary, 76, 99-100
Update Record, 77-78
Verify, 78-79, 127, 160
Verify Key, 98, 105
Verify PIN, 94, 100, 105
Write Binary, 75-76
Write Record, 77, 164
Commission of the European Union, see CEU
communications, 14
COMP128, 321
compilers, 136-137
components
identification numbers, 40-41
smart cards, 23, 27
computations, 5
contact cards, 322
contactless cards, 22, 322
contacts
definitions, 45
electrical, 44
idle states, 47
locations, 45-46
measurements, 44
shapes, 45-46
sizes, 45-46
states before card resets, 47
controls
hierarchial access, 111
master files, 86-87
core, 322
COS (card operating system), 322
cost, smart cards, 4
counterfeit cards, 170-171
soft masks, 174
CPUs (central processing units), 3, 16, 322
Create File command (Multiflex), 87, 98, 103-104, 293-294
Create function, 151
Create Record command (Multiflex), 104, 294-295
credit cards, global market, 33-34
CRT (chinese remainder theorem), 322
Cryptographic application programming interface, see CAPI
cryptography, 11-12
API (application programming interface), 147
coprocessor, 322
keys, 94-95
public keys, 26, 216
smart cards, 164-165
Cryptography class functions, 197
CRYPTPROV interface functions, 152
custom smart cards, 10
Cyberflex
1.0 Java API, 184-185
2.0 Core API functions, 192-196
programmer’s manual, 256
Web site, 191
see also FlexCash cards
cyclic files, 13-14, 74, 102-104, 322
electronic purses, handling transactions, 102
lengths, 100
transaction logs, 102
wrapping around, 102

D

DAD byte (Destination address), 67
Danmont, 322
data
authenticating, statis and dynamic, 160-161
integrity, 4, 18-19
security, 4, 18
smart cards and readers, 48-49
daughter cards, 322
DCE (Distributed Computing Environment), 125
Personal Security Module URL, 147
PSM (Personal Security Module), 165-166
Snare software, 124-125
DEA (Data Encryption Algorithm), 322
debugging, 137
manufacturers of debuggers, 138-139
software, card-side, 176-177
Decrease command (Multiflex), 102-104, 252, 295-297
Decrypt function, 152
dedicated files, 73
Delete File command (Multiflex), 104, 297-298
Delete function, 151
DeriveKey function, 152
DES algorithm, 12
design
FlexCash cards, 251-252
Smart Shopper cards, 229-230
Detach function, 150
Dethloff, Jürgen (co-inventor of smart cards), 4, 322
DF (dedicated files), 322
diagrams, smart cards and readers, 47
Diffie-Hellman protocol, 220
digital certificates, 322
public keys, 160-161
digital signatures, 214-215, 323
direct convention, 49
directories
domains, 158
elementary files, 109
EMV’96 payment system, 158-159
IATA air travel, 158
merchants, 231
Multiflex cards, 85-89
PIN variables, 109
Directory command, 86, 89
Directory/File Attributes window (EZ Formatter), 120
DisplayText function, 182
Distributed Computing Environment, see DCE
distribution state, magnetic stripe cards, 40
diversified key, 91, 323
DLLs (dynamic link libraries), SSPs (Smart Card service providers), 152
domains
directories, 158
specific, 150
Done handler, 245-246
DSA (digital signature algorithm), 323
DSS (Digital Signature Standard), 323
dynamic link libraries, see DDLs

E

E-Bucks
code
card-side, 265-266
reader-side, 267
e-cash
implementing, 262-263
protocol, 262-265
e-cash
cards, 323
protocols, 262-265
standard, 251
E-purse (electronic purse), 324
ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association), 55
ECMA-219, 55
Editing completion handler, 246
Editor, window (EZ Formatter), 122
editors
FlexCash cards, 255-262
smart cards, 116-117, 330
EZ Formatter, 118-123
EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), 25, 63, 323
application flags, 252
Multiflex carads, 111
tracking usage, 111-112
EFT (electronic funds transfer), 323
electrical contacts, 44
electronic purses, 102-104
electronic wallet, 323
elementary files (EFs), 88
access conditions, updating, 88
authentication states, 109
characteristics, 73-74
fileIds, 90
selecting, 90-94
serial number files, 90
transport key files, 90
Elliptic curve algorithm, 12
email addresses, 147-148
embossed cards, 37
return cards, 40
unused cards, 40
emulation, debugging or testing, 176-177
emulators, 139, 323
manufacturers, 140
EMV (Europay, MasterCard, and Visa), 157-158, 323
commands, 159-160
data, authenticating, 160-161
digital certificates, 160-161
IATA (International Air Transport Association), 164
payment system
directory, 158-159
transaction, 158-159
SET 2.0, 162
smart card architecture, 158
specification, 157-159
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), 147
Visa ICC (integrated circuit card), 161-162
EN 726, 54, 324
EN 742, 324
encoding
characters, recording techniques, 38
identification cards, 37, 39
Encrypt function, 152
encryption, 12
algorithms, 12
bulk, 221
symmetric keys, 210-212
Enter PIN button handler, 244
Envelope command (ISO/IEC 7816-4), 80, 289-290
EP (electronic purse), 324
erasable and programmable read-only memory, see EEPROM
Erase Binary command (ISO 7816-4), 76, 276-277
errors, detection, 60-61
ESCAT (European Smart Card Application and Technology), 324
ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute), 54, 181, 324
European Computer Manufacturers Association, see ECMA
European Telecommunications Standards Institute, see ETSI
Execute Application command, 255-256
Execute function, 196
Export function, 152
external authentication, 106-109, 111
External Authentication command (Multiflex), 98, 104, 298-299
external descriptions, 126-127
EZ Component, 126-128
EZ Formatter
commands, 122
files, 119
readers, 123
smart cards, 123
toolbar, 118
User’s Guide, 123
windows
Access Conditions, 121
Advanced Controls, 123
Attributes, 119
Builder, 120
Builder interface, 121
Directory/File Attributes, 120
Editor, 122
Log, 118-119
Security Manager, 119
Status Display, 118

F

fields, 291
INS, 325
RFU (reserved for future use), 291
T=1 protocol blocks, 66-67
file systems, 13-14
ISO/IEC 7816-4, 71-72
dedicated file characteristics, 73
elementary file characteristics, 73-74
master file characteristics, 73
see also files
FILEACCESS routines, 151
files
3F0016 file, 85
access conditions, 88
ACLs (Access Control Lists), 13, 219
authentication key files
controlling, 93
format of internal/external, 96-98
updating, 98-100
C header, 152-156
creating, 119-120
cyclic, 13-14, 74, 102-104, 322
electronic purses, handing transactions, 102
lengths, 100
transaction logs, 102
wrapping around, 102
deleting, 119-120
DFs (dedicated files), 322
EFs (elementary files), 88, 323
authentication states, 109
fileIds, 90
selecting, 90-94
serial number, 90
updating access conditions, 88
EZ Formatter, 123
internal authentication, 107
ISO 7816-4 commands, 272
key files, 94-98
linear, 13-14, 327
managing, 121
master
changing, 119
file controls, 86-87
making as current file, 85
merchants
external authentication, 232
managing, 236-237
MF (master file), 327
Multiflex cards, 85
file types, 87-88
standard key files, 95
operations, 88-89
paths, 328
PINs (personal identification numbers), 98-100
purse, 13-14, 329
records, 74
lengths, 100
Seek, 100-102
serial number files, 90-92
SIM, 14
Smart Commerce Solutions, 232
Smart Shopper cards
access conditions, 236-237
cardholder personal data, 232
cumulative purchases, 233-234
frequent buyer points, 232-233
layout, 230
master, 231
merchant external authentication, 232
sizes, 234-235
want lists, 233-234
software (card-side), designing, 178-179
transparent, 13-14, 74, 88, 332
reading bytes, 92
see also file systems
financial transaction cards, specifications, 41
FIPS 140-1, 55, 324
firewalls, ITSEC E6 certified, 183
firmware, 31
FLASH, 324
FlexCash cards, 249-250
application flags, 252
browsers, 255-262
code
E-Bucks card-side, 265-266
E-Bucks reader-side, 267
Java Card (11.1), 252-255
commands
Decrease, 252
Execute Application, 255-256
Get Values, 252
Make Debit, 265
Request Credit, 265
Request Debit, 265
Set Application Flag, 252
Set Default ATR, 255-256
designing, 251-252
E-Bucks e-cash
implementing, 262-263
protocol, 262-265
editors, 255-262
Java
bootstrap loader commands, 255-256
modules, 251-252
standards, 251
formats
authentication key files, 96-98
PIN files, 96
FRAM (ferroelectric memory), 324
France C-SET (Chip-Secured Electronic Transaction), 162-163
frequent buyer points, 246-247
FSCUG (Federal Smart Card Users Group), 324
functions
Advanced Card Systems ACR20, 132
Aladdin ASESoft Microprocessor APIs, 130
APIs (application programming interfaces), 182
APP Auth, 150
Application Framework class, 197
Application Services class, 196
AttachByHandle, 150
AttachByIFD, 150
ChangeCode, 151
ChangeDir, 151
CheckAccess, 196
Cherry G80-1500 keyboard, 133-135
CHVERIFICATION, 151
Close, 151
Create, 151
Cryptography class, 197
Cyberflex 2.0 Core API, 192-196
DCE PSM (Personal Security Module), 166
Decrypt, 152
Delete, 151
DeriveKey, 152
Detach, 150
Directory, 151
DisplayText, 182
Encrypt, 152
Execute, 196
Export, 152
GenKey, 152
GetChallenge, 150
GetCurrentDir, 151
GetFileCapabilities, 151
GetFileSize, 196
GetInKey, 182
GetInput, 182
GetMessage, 250
GetParm, 152
GetProperties, 151
GetRandom, 152
GetUserKey, 152
hash code, 215
HashData, 152
HashSessionKey, 152
I/O interrupt, 183
ICC Auth, 150
ImportKey, 152
interfaces
CARDAUTH, 150
FILEACCESS, 151
SCARD, 150
Invalidate, 151
JavaSoft Java Card 2.0 APU, 196-197
MoreTime, 182
Open, 151
PlayTone, 182
PollInterval, 182
Prolekila Smart Card Reader library, 133
Read, 151
receive, 183
Reconnect, 150
Rehabilitate, 151
Reset, 182
Seek, 151
SelectItem, 182
SendMessage, 250
SendShortMessage, 182
SendSS, 182
SendUSSD, 182
Set Properties, 151
SetDefaultATR, 196
SetParm, 152
SetUpCalls, 182
SetUpMenu, 182
SignHash, 152
transmit, 183
Tritheim SmartPort, 131-132
Unblock, 151
User Auth, 150
Verify, 151
VerifySignature, 152
Write, 151

G

Generate Application Cryptogram command, 160
GenKey function, 152
Get Challenge command, 79-80, 104-105
ISO/IEC 7816-4, 287
Multiflex, 299-300
Get Data command, 78, 160
ISO 7816-4, 281-282
Get Personal Profile button handler, 244-245
Get Processing Options command, 160
Get Response command, 80-81, 86-88, 90-92, 103, 105
ISO/IEC 7816-4, 288-289
Multiflex, 300-301
Get Values command, 252
GetChallenge function, 150
GetCurrentDir function, 151
GetFileCapabilities function, 151
GetFileSize function, 196
GetInKey function, 182
GetInput function, 182
GetMessage function, 250
GetParm function, 152
GetProperties function, 151
GetRandom function, 152
GetUserKey function, 152
global markets (credit cards), 33-34
government entities, security, 204
Groupe Special Mobile/Global System for Mobile Communication, see GSM
Gröttrupp, Helmut (co-inventor of smart cards), 4, 324
GSCAS (Global Smart Card Advisory Service), 324
GSM (Groupe Special Mobile or Global Service for Mobile Communications), 324
11.14 standard, 54, 181, 324
cellular telephones, 181
SIM (subscriber interface module) functions, 182

H

Habgood, Nick (MULTOS), 184
handlers, 245-246
buttons
Enter PIN, 244
Get Personal Profile, 244-245
editing completion, 246
line, 245
handshakes, 324
hardware, 15
Harvest Festival, 227-229
applications, 240
Smart Shopper cards, updating, 241
hash, 324-325
code, 215
HashData function, 152
HashSessionKey function, 152
headers (command), T=O protocol, 61-62
hierarchical access control, 111
history of smart cards, 4
host software, 5-9
development time, 11
development tools, 116
smart cards, recording traffic, 118
hybrid cards, 325

I

I/O (input/output), 325
overriding interrupt function, 183
IATA (International Air Transport Association)
air travel directory, 158
commands, 164
IET (Interline Electronic Ticketing), 164
URL (Uniform Resource Locator), 148
IBM
email address, 147
Open Card Framework, 147
IC (integrated circuit), 325
ICC (integrated circuit card), 41, 161-162, 325
Auth function, 150
Specification Payment Systems, 157-158
ICMA (International Card Manufacturers Association Suite), 325
ID-1 cards, 35-37
form factors, 36
magnetic stripes, 39
recording techniques, 38
IDEA, 325
identification cards
business model, 39-41
encoding information, 37, 39
ID-1 cards, 35-39
identification numbers
check digits, 41
components, 40-41
identities
access conditions, 89
authentication, 213-214
symmetric key, 209-212
certificates, 217-218
idle states, 47
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), see ISO (International Standards Organization) standards
IET (Interline Electronic Ticketing), 164
IFD (interface device), 42, 325
ImportKey function, 152
Increase command (Multiflex), 102-103, 105, 301-302
Induced error attach, 325
industries, 41
Information block (T=1 protocol), 66-67
infrastructures, software, 124
Initial bit, 325
initialization, 48, 325
INS codes, ISO/IEC 7816-4, see ISO 7816-4
instruction sets, 62
integrated circuit card, see ICC
integrated circuit chips
inserting into smart cards, 29
smart cards, 23
integration, 177
integrity, 203-204
authorities, 216
one-way hash codes, 214-215
public keys, 216
security, 214-218
intelligent memory cards, 325
Intellisoft software developments, 125
interface device, see IFD
interfaces
applications, 169-180
architecture, 149-152
CARDAUTH functions, 150
CRYPTPROV functions, 152
devices, 32, 206
readers, 32, 128
terminals, 32
readers, 32, 206
software, 129-135
SCARD, 150
Interline Electronic Ticketing, see IET
Internal Authenticate command, 79, 160-161
ISO/IEC 7816-4, 285-286
internal authentication, 106-109, 111
Internal Authentication command (Multiflex), 105, 302-303
International Electrotechnical Commission, see IEC
International Standards Organization, see ISO
International Telecommunication Union, see ITU
interpreters (Schlumberger), 184
Invalidate command (Multiflex), 87, 105, 304-305
Inverse convention, 49, 325
ISO (International Standards Organization) standards, 34-35, 326
639, 54
646, 54
1073-1, 38
1073-2, 38
1831, 38
3166, 54
4217, 54
4909, 41, 326
7501, 54
7810, 34, 54, 326
7811, 54, 326
7812, 54, 326
7813, 41, 54, 326
7816, 326
7816-1, 35, 42, 44
7816-2, 35, 38, 44-45
7816-3, 35, 45
Amendment 1, 35
Amendment 2, 35
7816-4, 35, 41, 43, 53, 175-176, 179-180, 211
7816-4
APDU (application protocol data unit), 68-71, 179, 271-272
Append Record command, 279-280
application-level protocols, 67-68
Envelope command, 289-290
Erase Binary command, 276-277
External Authenticate command, 286-287
file system API, 71-74
file system commands, 272
Get Challenge command, 287
Get Data command, 281-282
Get Response command, 288-289
INScodes, 63
Internal Authenticate command, 285-286
Manage Channel command, 287-288
Put Data command, 282-283
Read Binary command, 273-274
Read Record command, 277-278
security status commands, 272
Select File command, 283-284
Update Binary command, 275-276
Update Record command, 280-281
Verify command, 284-285
Write Binary command, 274-275
Write Record command, 278-279
7816-5, 35
7816-6, 35
7816-37, 251
8583, 326
8601, 54
8859, 54
9564, 54
9797, 54
9992, 326, 549
10181-3, 326
10202, 54, 326
10373, 38, 326
10536, 54, 326
11568, 54
11694, 54
parts 1-5, 42
smart cards, 85
security, 284
ITSEC (Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria), 55
certified firewalls, 183
ITU (International Telecommunication Union), 55

J

Java, 9
C++, 250
cards, 184-185
Cyberflex 1.0, 184
Cyberflex 2.0 Core API functions, 192-196
classes
JavaSoft Java Card 2.0 API, 196-197
libraries, 184-185
Cyberflex 1.0 Java API, 185
FlexCash cards, 251-252
functions, 196-197
Java Card Forum, 185
JavaSoft API, 185
virtual machines, 185
Java Card
API (Application Programming Interface)
classes, 196-197
functions, 196-197
bootstrap loader commands, 255-256
Forum Web site, 185
OTP (Open Technology Platform), 162
JavaSoft Web site, 185

K

key files, 94-98
keyboards, Cherry G80-1500 functions, 133-135
keys, 94-98
asymmetric key encryption, 210-214, 331
authentication, 93
cryptographic, 94
diversified, 91, 323
private, 164, 213-214, 329
public, 213-214, 216, 329
DCE PSM (Personal Security Module), 165-166
digital certificates, 160-161
shared secrets, 211-212
symmetric encryptions, 210-214, 331
transport, 18, 90, 332
protocols, 90
purposes, 94

L

languages, 146, 170
layering protocols, 59-60
layers, OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) Reference Model, 58
layout, 327
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), 125
libraries
class, 184-185
Prolekila Smart Card Reader functions, 133
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, see LDAP
Line handler, 245
linear files, 13-14, 327
link-level protocols, 57-60
linking software (card-side), 177-178
listings
E-Bucks e-cash card-side code, 266
E-Bucks e-cash host-side code, 267
FlexCash code on the Java Card, 252-255
FlexCash card browser and editor program, 257-262
Schlumberger’s Java Card version 1.0 API, 186-192
Log window (EZ Formatter), 118-119
logic cards, 5
loops, overriding elements, 183
Loyalty programs, 225-231, 327

M

MACs (message authentication codes), 215, 327
magnetic stripe cards, distribution state, 39-40
Make Debit command, 265
Manage Channel command (ISO/IEC 7816-4), 75, 80, 287-288
Management utility, 242-247
manufacturers
chips, 136
compilers, 137
debuggers, 138-139
emulators, 140
simulators, 138-139
smart card operating systems, 141
software
operating systems, 141
tools, 142-143
testers, 140
MAOS (multiapplication operating system), 327
masks, 327
developing, 30
soft, 31, 331
master file, 327
characteristics, 73
file controls, 86-87
MasterCard email address, 147
MD5 algorithm, 215
memory, 15
cards, 5, 327
circuitry, 22
integrated circuit chips, 23
chipcards, 327
EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), 25, 63
FLASH, 324
FRAM (ferroelectric memory), 324
NVM (nonvolatile memory), 15, 172-173, 328
RAM (random access memory), 16, 26, 172
ROM (read-only memory), 15, 25
shelf life, 173-174
smart cards, 25-26
software, 172-174
zeroization, 333
merchants
cardholders, frequent buyer points, 241
directories, 231
files
cumulative purchases, 233-234
external authentication, 232
frequent buyer points, 232-233
managing, 236-237
sizes, 234-235
want lists, 233-234
Harvest Festival, 227-229
application programs, 240
updating Smart Shopper cards, 241
loyalty programs, 225-229, 231
purchasing programs, 227-229
Scrivener’s Corner, 227-229, 240-242
Smart Shopper cards, 227-229
Web sites, 238
message authentication codes, see MACs
MF (master files), 327
characteristics, 73
file controls, 86-87
MFC (multifunction card), 327
microcontrollers, 135
Microsoft CAPI (Cryptographic application programming interface), 147, 164
MIP (million instructions per second), 327
modules, 327
Mondex, 147, 327
monitors, FlexCash cards
commands, 252
implementing, 252-255
Montgomery multiplication, 327-328
Moréno, Roland, 328
MoreTime function, 182
mother cards, 91, 328
MPCOS64K cards, 13
Multiflex
cards, 13, 83-84
ATR (answer to reset), 84
authentication states, 108-109
commands
Change PIN, 103-104, 292
Create File, 87, 98, 104, 293-294
Create Record, 104, 294-295
Decrease, 103-104, 295-297
Delete File, 104, 297-298
Directory, 86, 89
External Authentication, 98, 104, 298-299
fields, 291
Get Challenge, 104-105, 299-300
Get Response, 86-88, 90-92, 99, 103, 105, 300-301
Increase, 103, 105, 301-302
Internal Authentication, 105, 302-303
Invalidate, 87, 105, 304-305
protected-mode, 105-106
Read Binary, 92, 105, 305-306
Read Record, 102, 105, 306-307
Rehabilitate, 87, 105, 307-309
Seek, 105, 309-310
Select, 105
Select File, 85, 91, 310-311
Unblock PIN, 105, 311-312
Update Binary, 99-100, 105, 312-314
Update Record, 105, 314-315
Verify Key, 98, 105, 316-317
Verify PIN, 94, 100, 105, 315-316
directories, 85-89
EEPROM, 111
files, 87-88, 95
Seek, 100, 102
Seek instruction, 101
hierarchical access control, 111
key files, 94-98
keys, 94-98
Not Found error, 102
NVM (nonvolatile memory), 111
personalizaton, 94
SCOS (Schlumberger Customer Oriented System), 182-183
Seek instruction, 101
serial number files, 90
stamped variants, 103
transport keys, 90
MULTOS (Mondex), 328
application segregation, 183
licensed application developer, 184
Nick Habgood, 184
obtaining a copy, 156
URL (Uniform Resource Locator), 147

N

NACCU (National Association of Campus Card Users), 328
NAD byte, 67
networks
applications, adding smart cards, 124-125
security, 208
NIST (U.S. National Institute for Standards and Testing), 55
non-stomic write, 175
nonrepudiation, 204
nonvolatile memory (NVM), see NVM
Not Found error (Multiflex cards), 102
NULL byte, 64-65
NVM (nonvolatile memory), 15, 111, 328
data, overwriting, 175-176
programming
card-side, 172-173
power loss, 175
shelf life, 173
smart cards, adding code, 174

O

OC100 cards, 13
one-way hash code, 214-216
Open Card Framework (IBM), 147, 157
Open function, 151
Open Group, 147
Open Technology Platform, see OTP
operating systems, 12-13
code, see code
manufacturers, 141
MULTOS, see MULTOS
optical cards, 328
OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) Reference Model, 58-59
OTP (Open Technology Platform), 162
overriding
card manager, 183
I/O interrupt function, 183
loop elements, 183
receive function, 183
transmit function, 183
ownership of smart cards, 177-178

P

page size, 328
pass-along readers, 128
paths, 328
PC/SC (personal computer/smart card), 150, 328
architecture, 148-152
SSPs (Smart Card service providers), 150-152, 250
URL (Uniforma Resource Locator), 147
PCs (personal computers), security, 207
personal identification numbers, see PINs
Personal Security Module, see PSM
personalization of cards, 29, 94, 238, 328-329
phone cards, 329
physical security, 208-209
PINs (personal identification numbers), 7, 78, 195, 329
authentication
directory variable, 109
procedures, 111
cardholders, 205-206
Change/Unblock command, 160
CHVERIFICATION functions, 151
codes, 94
entry and checking, 211
files
creating, 98-100
format, 96
security, 207
PKA (public key algorithm), 329
PKCS#11, 147
PKI (public key infrastructure), 329
PlayTone function, 182
plug-ins
EZ Component, 126-128
software, 124
PollInterval function, 182
POS (point of sale), 149, 329
power loss when programming, 175
pre-personalization, 29
printing smart cards, 29
privacy, 203, 220-221
private keys, 164, 213-214, 329
Process button, 122
processor cards, 26
programming, 3-5, 170
interfaces, 169-180
languages, 146, 329
non-atomic write, 175
power loss, 175
see also applications; software
protected-mode commands, 105-106
protocols
APDUs (application protocol data units), 58
APIs (application programming interfaces), 58
application-level, 67-71
between smart cards and readers, 52
designations, 52
e-cash, 262-265
layering, 59-60
link-level, 57-60
OSI Reference Model, 58-59
secure messaging, 59
synchronous, 331
T=0, 57-60, 331
command header fields, 61-62
command header parameters, 64-65
error detection, 60-61
T=1, 57-59, 65, 331
blocks, 66-67
transport keys, 90
PSM (Personal Security Module), 165-166
public keys, 213-216, 329
cryptography, 26
cryptology, see asymmetric key encryption
DCE PSM (Personal Security Module), 165-166
digital certificates, 160-161
purses
electronic, 102-104
files, 13-14, 329
Put Data command (ISO 7816-4), 78, 282-283
PVC (polyvinyl chloride), 329

Q-R

RAM (random access memory), 15-16, 26, 329
programming, card-side, 172
Read Binary command
ISO 7816-4, 75, 92, 105, 273-274
Multiflex, 305-306
Read function, 151
Read Record command
ISO 7816-4, 76-77, 102, 105, 160, 277-278
Multiflex, 306-307
read-only memory, see ROM
readers, 206
Advanced Card Systems ACR20 functions, 132
Aladdin ASESoft Microprocessor API functions, 130
APIs (application programming interfaces), 130, 145-147
Cherry G80-1500 keyboard functions, 133-135
descriptions, 123
interfaces, 128
devices, 32
software, 129-135
pass-along, 128
Prolekila Smart Card Reader library functions, 133
reset sequence, 48
smart cards
bit ordering, 49
communicating, 45
data transfer, 48
data transmission, 49
diagrams, 47
protocols, 52
swallowing, 175
software (card-side), 179-180
Tritheim SmartPort, 130-132
reading smart cards, 152
Receive function, overriding, 183
Receive Ready block (T=1 protocol), 66-67
Reconnect function, 150
record files, 74
lengths, 100
Seek, 100, 102
Seek instruction, 101
recording techniques, encoding characters, 38
Regulation E, 329
Rehabilitate command (Multiflex), 87, 105, 307-309
Rehabilitate function, 151
relative path, 329
replay attacks, 104
Request Credit command, 265
Request Debit command, 265
Reset function, 182
ResetSecurityState function, 151
resetting readers, 48
retention time, 330
return cards, 40
RF/DC (radio frequency/direct communication), 330
RF/ID (radio frequency/identification), 330
RFU (reserved for future use) field, 291
rogue cards, 105
rogue terminals, 105
ROM (read-only memory), 15, 25, 330
programming, card-side, 173-174
routines, FILEACCESS functions, 151
RSA, 330
algorithm, 12
URL (Uniform Resource Locator), 147
RST, 330

S

SAD byte (Source address), 67
SCARD interface functions, 150
Schlumberger
Cryptoflex cards, 147, 165
Cyberflex
1.0 cards, 184-185
2.0 Core API, 192-196
Web site, 191
interpreter, 184
Java Card version 1.0 API (listing 8.l), 186-192
Multiflex smart cards, see Multiflex, cards
Pont Audemer factory, 90
SCOS (Schlumberger Customer Oriented System), 182
commands, activating, 183
loops, overriding elements, 183
SOLO software, 141
virtual machine, 184
see also FlexCash cards
screens, Borland Delphi code control, 127
scripting
debugging or testing, 177
software, card-side, 177
Scrivener’s Corner, 227-229, 240-242
SDKs (software development kits), 125-128, 145, 330
secrets, shared, 211-212
secure electronic transactions, see SET
secure messaging, 59
security, 4
ACLs (Access Control Lists), 218-219
Adaptive Security Framework, 125
applications, 208
architecture, 209
asymmetric key encryption, 212-214
authentication, 209-214
authorization, 218-220
capabilities list, 219-220
certifying authorities, 216-218
cardholders, 205-206
cards, 205-209
CAs (certificate authorities), 217
certificates, 217-218
chain of trust, 216-217
checksum, 214-215
chips, tamper-resistant, 209
code, 215-216
commands, protected-mode, 105-106
counterfeit cards, 170-171
cryptography, 11-12
cryptology, public keys, 216
Cyberflex 2.0 Core API, 195
data security, 18
Diffie-Hellman protocol, 220
digital signatures, 214-215
E-Bucks e-cash protocol, 263-265
encryption, 12
government entities, 204
induced error attach, 325
integrity, 214-218
ISO 7816-4, 284
keys
private, 213-214
public, 213-214
MACs (message authentication codes), 215
mechanisms, 208-209
microcontrollers, 135
Multiflex SCOS (Schlumberger Customer Oriented System), 182
networks, 208
one-way hash codes, 214
PCs (personal computers), 207
physical, 208-209
PINs (personal identification numbers), 207, 211
privacy, 220-221
secure messaging, 59
shared secrets, 211-212
smart cards, 23, 27
Smart Shopper cards, 235-237
software, 11-12, 135
symmetric key encryption, 210-212
systems
authentication, 201-202
authorization, 202-203
components, 204-205
integrity, 203-204
nonrepudiation, 204
privacy, 203
TCP/IP infrastructure, 124-125
terminals, 206-207
transactions, 200
trust, establishing, 201-202
trust brokers, 33
Visa
CCPS (Chip Card Payment Service), 171
SET (secure electronic transaction), 171
Security Manager button, 119
Security Manager window (EZ Formatter), 119
Seek command (Multiflex), 105, 309-310
seek files, 100-102
Select command, 105, 160
Select File command, 74-75, 85, 91
ISO 7816-4, 283-284
Multiflex, 310-311
selecting files (elementary), 90-94
SelectItem function, 182
SendMessage function, 250
SendShortMessage function, 182
SendSS function, 182
SendUSSD function, 182
serial number files, 90-92
SET (secure electronic transactions), 157-158, 330
availability, 171
specifications, 162
Set Application Flag command, 252
Set Default ATR command, 255-256
Set Properties function, 151
SetDefaultATR function, 196
SetParm function, 152
SetUpCalls function, 182
SetUpMenu function, 182
SHA-1 algorithm, 215
shelf life, NVM (nonvolatile memory), 173
SignHash function, 152
SIM (subscriber interface module), 330
files, 14
functions, 182
services, 181-182
simulation
debugging or testing, 176-177
simulators, 137-139, 330
sites (Web)
Aspects SmarTest system, 177
Cyberflex, 191
Java Card Forum, 185
JavaSoft, 185
SKA (secret key algorithm), 330
smart cards, 330
bending testing, 44
communications, 14
components, 23, 27
cost, 4
defined, 3
fabricating, 28
file systems, see file systems
future developments, 146-147
hardware, 15
history, 4
initialization, 30, 48
integrated circuit chips
address lines, 25
fabricating, 27
inserting, 29
memory, 25-26
packaging, 28
size, 24
manufacturing, 27, 30
mask development, 30
operating systems, see operating systems
ownership, 177-178
physical characteristics, 21, 23
printing, 29
readers
bit ordering, 49
communicating, 45
data transfer, 48
data transmission, 49
diagrams, 47
protocols, 52
Smart Card Forum, 330
Smart Card service providers, see SSPs
software, see software
specifications, 53-56
swallowing, 175
tearing, 175
tortion testing, 44
Smart Commerce Solutions
applications, 238-247
card administration, 232
Web site, 238-239
Smart Shopper cards, 225
browsers, 240
cardholders
controlling personal data, 236-237
frequent buyer points, 241
files
access conditions, 236-237
cardholder personal data, 232
cumulative purchases, 233-234
frequent buyer points, 232-233
layout, 230
master, 231-232
merchant external authentication, 232
sizes, 234-235
Smart Commerce Solutions card administration, 232
want lists, 233-234
loyalty programs, 226-229, 231
merchants, 231
Harvest Festival, 227-229
participation, 227-229
Scrivener’s Corner, 227-229
personalizing, 238
program components, 229-230
purchases
handling on Web sites, 238-239
programs, 227-229
scenarios for using, 228-229
security, 235-237
updating, 241
utilities, 242-247
Web sites
purchasing, 242
updating, 239
SmartGate software, 124-125
soft masks, 31, 174, 331
counterfeit cards, 174
software, 5-6
assemblers, 136-137
card-side, 5-9, 171
APIs, standards-based, 180-184
debugging, 176-177
file design, 178-179
integration, 177
linking, 177-178
loading, 177-178
memory, 172-174
readers, 179-180
scripting, 177
testing, 176-177
chips, 136
compilers, 136-137
DCE/Snare, 124-125
debuggers, 138
developing
time, 11, 30, 32
tools, 135-142
emulators, 139-140
host, 5-9, 11
Intellisoft developments, 125
languages, 170
microcontrollers, 135
plug-ins, 124
reader interfaces, 129-135
security, 11-12
simulators, 138-139
smart card operating systems, 141
SmartGate, 124-125
SOLO, 141
systems, 6, 11, 124
testers, 139-140
tools, 142-143
V-ONE developments, 125
see also applications
software development kits, see SDKs
SOLO software, 141
specifications
cards, financial transactions, 41
smart cards, 53-56
see also ANSI; ISO
SPOM (self-programmable), 331
SSPs (Smart Card service providers), 149, 250
DLLs (dynamic link libraries), 152
domain specific, 150
Multiflex C header file, 152-156
stamped variants, 103
stamps, 331
standards, 326
American National Standards Institute, see ANSI
certificates, 218
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), see ISO (International Standards Organization) standards
ISO, see ISO
STARCOS cards, 165
Start bit, 331
Status Display window (EZ Formatter), 118
structures, APDU ISO/IEC 7816-4 standard, 68-71
subscriber interface module, see SIM
supervisory block (T=1 protocol), 66-67
SVC (stored value card), 331
SW1 byte, 65
swallowing smart cards, 175
symmetric algorithms, 331
symmetric keys, 209-212, 331
synchronous protocol, 331
system
architecture, 19
design, 17
software, see software

T

T=0 protocol, 57-60, 331
command header fields, 61-62
command header parameters, 64-65
error detection, 60-61
T=1 protocol, 57-59, 65, 331
blocks, 66-67
tag length value, see TLV
tamper detection, 331
tamper evident, 331
tamper resistant, 331
tamper response, 332
TC 224, 54
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), 124-125
TE (terminal equipment), 332
tearing smart cards, 175-176
telephones (cellular), GSM 11.14, 181
terminals
commands, 105-106
rogue, 105
security, 206-207
smart cards, identifying, 107-108
see also interfaces, devices; readers
TESA-7, 332
testing
software, card-side, 176-177
testers, 139-140
tests, 177
timing attack, 332
TLV (tag length value), 179, 332
toolbars (EZ Formatter), 118
tools
smart cards
editors, 116-117
EZ Formatter, 118-123
software
development, 116, 135-142
manufacturers, 142-143
TPDUs (Transmission Protocol Data Units), 59, 332
transactions, 332
authentication, 201-202
authorization, 202-203
electronic purses, handling, 102
integrity, 203-204
logs, wrapping around cyclic files, 102
nonrepudiation, 204
privacy, 203, 220-221
processing, 158-159
security, 200
time, 332
Transmission Protocol Data Units, see TPDUs
Transmit function, overriding, 183
transparent files, 13-14, 74, 88, 92, 332
transport keys, 18, 90, 332
protocols, 90
purposes, 94
Tritheim SmartPort reader, 130-132
trust
brokers, 33
chain of, 216-217
establishing, 201-202
TSA7 algorithm, 12

U

U.S. National Institute for Standards and Testing, see NIST
Unblock function, 151
Unblock PIN command (Multiflex), 105, 311-312
Unicode, 332
unused fields, 291
Update Binary command, 76, 99-100, 105
ISO 7816-4, 275-276
Multiflex, 312-314
Update Record command, 77-78, 105
ISO 7816-4, 280-281
Multiflex, 314-315
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), 147-148
USCO48 cards, 13
User Auth function, 150
utilities
card management, 242-247
Management Utility, 242-247

V

V-ONE software developments, 125
value checkers, 332
vending machines, electronic purses, 104
Verify button, 127
Verify command (ISO/IEC 7816-4), 78-79, 127, 160, 284-285
Verify Key command (Multiflex), 98, 105, 316-317
Verify PIN command (Multiflex), 94, 100, 105, 315-316
VerifySignature function, 152
View Attributes button, 119
virtual machine (Schlumberger), 184-185
Visa
Cash cards, 332
CCPS (Chip Card Payment Service), 161, 171
ICC (Integrated Circuit Card), 147, 161-162
Open Technology Platform URL, 147
OTP (Open Technology Platform), 162
SET (Secure Electronic Transaction), 171
voltage attack, 332

W

Web sites
Aspects SmarTest system, 177
Cyberflex, 191
Java Card Forum, 185
JavaSoft, 185
purchases, 238
Smart Commerce Solutions, 238-239
Smart Shopper cards
purchasing, 242
updating, 239
Windows
EZ Formatter
Access Conditions, 121
Advanced Controls, 123
Attributes, 119
Builder, 120
Builder interface, 121
Directory/File Attributes, 120
Editor, 122
Log, 118-119
Security Manager, 119
Status Display, 118
smart cards
accessing, 250
possibility of, 146-147
wired logic card, 333
Write Binary command (ISO 7816-4), 75-76, 274-275
Write function, 151
Write Record command (ISO 7816-4), 77, 164, 278-279
write/erase time, 333

X-Z

X.400, 55
X.509, 55
zeroization, 333


Table of Contents